Juliet Cohen asked:




Meningitis is an inflammation of the leptomeninges and underlying subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the central nervous system, known collectively as the meninges. Meningitis is a disease involving inflammation, or irritation, of the meninges. Most cases of meningitis are caused by microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites, that spread into the blood and into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Many of the bacteria or viruses that can cause meningitis are fairly common and are more often associated with other everyday illnesses. Sometimes, however, they spread to the meninges from an infection in another part of the body. The meninges are composed of three layers of membranes enclosing the brain and spinal cord. Pia mater is the innermost layer. It is akin to a tissue paper that closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord, dipping into the various folds and crevices. Arachnoid mater is the middle layer. It is a filmy membrane that is joined to the pia mater by fine threads resembling a cobweb.

Dura mater, a parchment-like membrane, lies on the outermost part of the meninges and adheres to the skull and spinal canal. The cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is the fluid that circulates in the spaces in and around the brain and spinal cord. In the past, most meningitis cases occurred in children younger than 5 years. But as a result of the protection offered by current childhood vaccines, most meningitis cases now occur in young people between the ages of 15 and 24. Older also tend to have a higher incidence of meningitis than do young children. Bacterial meningitis is less common than viral meningitis but is usually much more serious and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Many different types of bacteria can cause meningitis: Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes are the most common causes of meningitis in newborns. It’s also possible to get viral meningitis as a complication of chickenpox, but this is also very rare in healthy kids.

Meningococcal meningitis is endemic in parts of Africa, India, and other developing nations. Bacterial meningitis is contagious, which means it can be passed to someone else by spit or snot. Symptoms in infants under 12 months include high fever, fretfulness, irritability – particularly when handled, difficulty awakening, drowsiness, difficulty feeding, and/or a stiff neck, or bulging fontanelle. Meningitis also can lead to skin rashes, although rashes caused by bacterial meningitis look different from those caused by viral meningitis. Immunosuppressed patients are at increased risk of opportunistic infections and acute bacterial meningitis. Immunosuppressed patients may not show dramatic signs of fever or meningeal inflammation. Complications of bacterial meningitis may require specific treatment. Rest, fluids, and good nutrition, as well as measures to control fever and relieve pain, will ease discomfort and aid in recovery from viral meningitis. Drugs such as dexamethasone ( a steroid, different from the steroids abused by bodybuilders, that can reduce swelling of the brain) are sometimes given to reduce inflammation or to reduce the chance, or spread, of septicemia.

Treatment for Meningitis Tips

1. Acute bacterial meningitis requires prompt treatment with intravenous antibiotics to ensure recovery and reduce the risk of complications.

2. Pneumovax (also known as Prevenar) against Streptococcus pneumoniae is recommended for all people 65 years of age or older.

3. Drugs such as dexamethasone are sometimes given to reduce inflammation or to reduce the chance, or spread, of septicemia.

4. Antifungals to combat the infection are usually administered, as well as fluids and medicine to control pain and fever.



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A Cocaine drug test is the method or the technique used to know the presence of cocaine in the body. The testing is done by examining various specimen of the human body like the urine, hair, saliva and even sweat.

Types of cocaine Drug Testing: The different types of testing and quantifying of the cocaine content in the human body are

Hair Testing: Hair testing is one of the effective ways of testing for the cocaine content in the human body over a long period of time. Whenever any substance enters the human body, it deposits a residue in the hair shaft, which will show its presence till the hair is cut.

Blood Testing: This is one of the expensive testing for the detection of the cocaine in the human body. This may involve a four to six day program, which may involve us to go for a special diet, regulated fluids and a final detoxifying solution.

Saliva Drug Testing: This method is a short-term procedure which can detect the drugs which are been use recently.

Urine Drug Testing: The analysis of urine is most common and inexpensive method of testing for the presence of cocaine in the human body.

Urine Testing for the Cocaine Detection: Urine testing is mostly preferred when compared to other types of tests for detecting the presence of cocaine in the human body. This is mainly because of the following factors:

· These tests are considered to be the most inexpensive tests.

· These are intrusive methods of testing.

· This test can be done at home.

Cocaine (COC) Dip strip Drug Urine Test: This test is a very simple test for detecting the cocaine content in the human body by testing the urine sample. The qualitative detection of the cocaine content is done with the benzoyelecgonine as the metabolites in the urine sample. The cutoff for the test is 300 ng/ml.

Procedure for the test:

1. Remove the test strip from its foil pouch.

2. Holding the strip vertically, carefully dip it into the specimen. Do not immerse the strip past the maximum line

3. Interpret test results at 3 to 5 minutes.

The result of the test can be interpreted by the colour bands that are visible after the test. If two colour bands are observed then the result is negative where as if only one band is visible then the tests are giving a positive result.

Detection Periods and the factors influencing the tests: The detection of the cocaine content in the human body depends upon various factors. They are

· The amount that is been taken and also the frequency of the usage.

· The metabolic rate also influences the outcome of the tests.

· The body mass also may influence the results of the tests.

· The age of the person who is undergoing the test has the influence on the tests.

· The drug tolerance levels also may vary between person to person and this variation in the tolerance will have the effect.

Detection Period: It takes approximately six to eight hours for detecting the presence of the cocaine in the urine sample. Whatever may be the effects of the above factors, the ideal time period for the clearing of benzoyelecgonine is three to five days so the urine sample collected should be not older than three days.

Urine tests for detecting of the cocaine content is certainly the most cost effective and a simple method for testing. These urine tests have made it easier for detecting the cocaine content in the body, as there are even some methods for doing the tests at the home.



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Rachel Broune asked:




A nail disorder is a condition caused by injury to the nail or disease or imbalance in the body. Most, if not all, of you have had some type of common nail disorder. When in doubt, please see your physician for the proper diagnosis. Distorted, discoloured or otherwise unsightly ‘abnormal’ fingernails and toenails are very common problems experienced by people of all ages in the community. Damage to the nail may be caused by an injury, fungal disease, or other skin conditions such as psoriasis or eczema. The nail unit is made up of several components which form, support, protect and frame the nail itself. These include the nail matrix, the nail plate, the cuticle, the nail bed and nail folds. The nail unit protects fingertips, enhances fine touch and is important as a cosmetic structure.

Types of Nail Disorders

Paronychia infections – of the nail fold can be caused by bacteria, fungi and some viruses. The proximal and lateral nail folds act as a barrier, or seal, between the nail plate and the surrounding tissue. If a tear or a break occurs in this seal, the bacterium can easily enter. this type of infection is characterized by pain, redness and swelling of the nail folds. If the bacteria has entered between the nail plate and the nail bed, it will cause the same discolorations and may also cause the nail plate to lift from the nail bed.

Pseudomonas bacterium – trapped between the nail plate and the nail bed.

A fungal or yeast infection which results in Onychomycosis, can invade through a tear in the proximal and lateral nail folds as well as the eponychium. This type of infection is characterized by onycholysis (nail plate separation) with evident debris under the nail plate. It normally appears white or yellowish in color, and may also change the texture and shape of the nail. The fungus digests the keratin protein of which the nail plate is comprised.

Leuconychia is evident as white lines or spots in the nail plate and may be caused by tiny bubbles of air that are trapped in the nail plate layers due to trauma. This condition may be hereditary and no treatment is required as the spots will grow out with the nail plate.

Koilonychia is usually caused through iron deficiency anemia. these nails show raised ridges and are thin and concave. Seek a physicians advice and treatment.

Melanonychia are vertical pigmented bands, often described as nail ‘moles’, which usually form in the nail matrix. Seek a physicians care should you suddenly see this change in the nail plate. It could signify a malignant melanoma or lesion. Dark streaks may be a normal occurrence in dark-skinned individuals, and are fairly common.

Onychophagy – Is the medical term for nails that have been bitten enough to become deformed. This condition can be greatly improved by regular manicures or artificial nails. It is not realistic to tell a nail biter to come back for artificial nails after they have grown a free edge. Artificial nails can help this person break the biting habit. There are also nail biting topically applied remedies available.

Leukonychia – Is a condition in which white spots appear on the nails. It is caused by air bubbles, a bruise or other injury to the nail.

Leukonchia can not be corrected but it will grow out.

Furrows – Also known as corrugations, are long ridges that run either lengthwise or across the nail. Some lengthwise ridges are normal in adults.

These ridges increase with age and can also be caused by psoriasis, poor circulation and frostbite. Ridges that run across the nail are caused by high fevers, pregnancy & measles.

Yellow nail syndrome: – Slow growing, excessively curved and thickened yellow nails which are associated with peripheral lymphoedema and exudative pleural effusions.

Paronychia is inflammation of the tissue around the finger nail, with pus accumulating between the cuticle and the nail matrix. The area may become swollen, red and tender.

Treatment and Diagnosis of Nail Disorders

Nail disorders diagnosis is by inspection. Early treatment is warm compresses or soaks and an antistaphylococcal antibiotic. Other treatment ptions include:

Eliminate potential food allergens, including dairy, wheat (gluten), corn, preservatives, and food additives. Your health care provider may want to test for food sensitivities.

Eat calcium rich foods, including beans, almonds, and dark green leafy vegetables (such as spinach and kale).

Eat antioxidant foods, including fruits (such as blueberries, cherries, and tomatoes), and vegetables (such as squash and bell peppers).

Avoid refined foods such as white breads, pastas, and sugar.

Eat fewer red meats and more lean meats, cold-water fish, tofu (soy) or beans for protein.

Green tea ( Camellia sinensis ) standardized extract, 250 – 500 mg daily, for inflammation and antibacterial or antifungal effects. You may also prepare teas from the leaf of this herb.

Cat’s claw ( Uncaria tomentosa ) standardized extract, 20 mg three times a day, for antibacterial or antifungal effects.



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Nick Mutt asked:




Hot foot bath gives relaxation to the entire body if you are tired and also helpful in eliminating toxins from the body. It is an effective means of reducing congestion of blood or water in the upper parts of the body. 

When you have to take a foot bath, drink a glass of warm water, sit on a chair and lower you feet in a bucket full of hot water. The level of the water should, ideally, come up to the knees. The temperature of the water should not be too much above the body temperature. As the water gets cold, go on adding more hot water. Take care to see that the hot water added later does not scald the feet.

Cover yourself with a blanket. Wrap it around your body; even if the bucket is covered, it will be all right. The head should be covered with a towel wetted with cold water. As the coldness of the towel evaporated, dip it in cold water, wring it lightly and again cover your head with it.

In 15 to 20 minutes you will start perspiring. When a fair amount of perspiration has been formed, the bath can be terminated. Wash your feet with cold water afterwards and wipe them with a towel. Wipe your body with a wet towel and dress yourself. An ordinary bath can be taken after the hot foot bath.

The blood pressure decreases during the course of the bath. A feeling of giddiness therefore may ensue. This feeling will pass away on resting for a few minutes. But as a precautionary measure, very weak persons, pregnant women and patients with abnormally high or low blood pressure, should avoid taking hot foot baths.

Disclaimer: This article is not meant to provide health advice and is for general information only. Always seek the insights of a qualified health professional before embarking on any health program.



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Rajesh Nair asked:




Ayurveda, a holistic way of living, discusses the details of pregnancy under Garbhini Vyakaran. Father to be health too to be taken care as the reproductive tissues are to be nourished well and toxins are flushed out, so that an optimum fertilization can occur.

Pregnant women has to be more careful during the first three months, as it is formative stage and after seventh month i.e, last stage of her pregnancy.

Foetus and mother are attached by a cord called rasvaha nadi (matenal part of the placenta) which helps in carrying the ahararasa-virya (nutrition) from the mother to the foetus It gets nourished by rasa by the process of attracting moisture (upasneha) and osmosis (upasweda) The food intake gets refined until it is transformed to the nutritional eggs and sperms.

Doshas control the mensuration cycle, which should be 26-30 days cycle, 5 days, moderate flow and colour without any clots or discomfort.

Kapha phase is from the end of bleeding until the ovulation, and it builds the endometrium and also restore ths health to body and prepares it for conception.

Pitta phase is from ovulation till period starts. This prepares endometrium for implantation of the egg to be fertilsed and breasts to secrete milk. It is in this phase one under goes a high emotional overload.

Vata phase occurs throughout the period, is. apna vayu regulates the downward movements in the body and it helps in the flow during mensration and also helps during the delivery.

Above ayurvedic concepts clearly explains that if one has to ensure a fertility, then the doshas are to be balanced and normalised. Any imbalance in doshas will lead to problem in conceiving.

It recommends yogic practice and a nutritious diet to calm the doshas thereby strengthening the body and relaxing the mother and thereby indirectly benefiting the baby.

Ayurveda, an age old system of Indian medicine, in its Garbhini Paricharya recommends the following advise about the ahara (diet), Vihara (lifestyle) and vichara (thought process) to be followed by the pregnant women.

On a regular basis drink milk as it is a chief source of calcium, lactose and butter fat. During the first three months of pregnancy the foetus is nourished by percolation hence a lot of liquid diet like fruit juice, coconut water, milk to be included in diet.

From the seventh month onwards take care to reduce the fat, salt and water in the diet and instead take a lot of rice kanji with ghee.

Cereals are a must – wheat, oats, rye, dried peas, bean sprouts, whole meal bread, lentils, dried peas, chickpeas, soya-beans have an adequate amounts of protein. Fresh vegetables like spinach lettuce, potatoes, celery are must Fruits like apple, banana, and juices of lemon, orange, pineapple to be consumed.

Dried fruits like dates, figs, almonds, grapes are good.Take rice, butter, ghee, food prepared with urad dal and amla, fish and egg are to be included in diet. Avoid fried or over salty and greasy foods.

Sleep in a secured place. Don’t travel outside house often, don’t indulge in talking to strangers, don’t subject yourself to any situation that creates fear in you mind, wear loose clothes so that you are comfortable, do not indulge in a strenuous physical activities, avoid smoking, alcohol and keep yourself away from sex.

Take care to eat lightly i.e, you may eat 6 meals instead of heavy four meals, But you should eat only when you feel hungry and take only home made preparations, avoid any artificial chemicals, preservatives.

Keep yourself cool, calm and collected as it has direct effect on your baby. Use this time to be

grateful to GOD for what all things he has given you in your life and Meditation helps you to be in touch with your real self and travel through the journey of pregnancy which is the very basic craving and enjoyment for every women.



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With the advent of online pharmacies patients are able to treat hypertension quickly and easily once they have been diagnosed, preventing further complications that could arise if hypertension is left untreated. Recent studies conducted by the American Heart Association showed that approximately one in three adults in America suffer from hypertension. A report by the Journal of the American Medical Association reveals that around two million teens and children are also affected by this disorder.

Also known as high blood pressure, hypertension is a medical disorder that causes blood pressure to increase dramatically. Hypertension can often be mistaken for stress, as symptoms can be very similar to stress or related disorders, with conditions starting mildly, and progressively worsening in later stages to include tinnitus (ringing sound in the ears), facial flushing, blurred vision, fatigue and headaches. If left untreated, chronic high blood pressure can increase the risk of cardiac disease, renal disease, eye damage, brain damage and other complications like arteriosclerosis or even strokes. Hypertension could shorten the life expectancy of an individual who suffers from even mild elevation in blood pressure, which is why it is so important for sufferers to buy hypertension medication online through a reliable pharmacy service to start treatment as soon as possible.

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Winstrol (Winny-V) is a steroid typically consumed for two reasons- strength and appearance. While most can rest assured that this compound delivers strength gains, the appearance change is often a wash. Very often, users discover that with the gain in muscle mass comes a loss in hair thickness. Additionally, the ever-feared bald spot on the ‘vertex’, or back of the head, and the receding hairline, can also accompany it.

It’s long been accepted that certain steroids can cause one to lose hair, but it’s typically been credited to speeding up the male pattern balding (MPB) process. In other words, you were going to lose the hair – the steroids just sped up the process. There are some users who shoot up everything in the book and never go thin, and there are others who are bald at 22 after the first cycle. It’s all genetic.

Exactly how does Winstrol accelerate hair loss? Winstrol is an androgen steroid, which converts to dihydrotestosterone. A steroid does not have to convert to dihydrotestosterone to be hard on the scalp- dihydrotestosterone just happens to be the form that naturally (endogenously) binds to androgen receptors located in the scalp. Winstrol is a DHT derivative, which means it more easily binds to scalp receptors then other steroids. Primobolan, masteron, methenolone, and proviron are also dihydrotestosterone derivatives, and therefore also cause hair loss. The only compound that converts to DHT is testosterone. However, 5-AR may make some steroids more androgenic. Finaplix (Trenbolone acetate) has a high androgenic component to it and is reported to lead to a great deal of hair loss. Finasteride will not prevent testosterone completely from turning into dihydrotestosterone, but it does reduce DHT levels down to between 60-80% effective, most prominent in the scalp. Therefore, if you are taking ten times the amount of testosterone your body normally produces; you still will have two to four times the normal amount of DHT levels present. Baldness will still occur if it’s in the genes.

Alternatives include testosterone and Finasteride, which delivers less hair loss, and Nandrolone, which delivers little to no hair loss. Nandrolone at 200 mg will likely cause no hair loss, and at 400 mg will be minimally noticeable. To prevent or slow male pattern baldness, a topical solution like Spironolactone 2% or Spironolactone 5% cream is a great choice. The Spironolactone 2% can be had for about $15 per bottle. Other topical solutions include Rogaine (specifically for the vertex area – the bald spot – in the back of the head) and Nioxin, a shampoo for scalp viability.

As with many things in life, there are no “redo’s” when it comes to baldness. Once the hair is gone, it doesn’t return. Think long-term before embarking upon a Winstrol regimen, and make your choices wisely.



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Asian Ginseng

Asian, Chinese, Korean, or “true” ginseng are all common names for Panax ginseng, one of the world’s oldest known herbal medicines. The word Panax, of Greek derivation, means “all-cure” and gives rise to the word panacea. In Chinese, “ginseng” (schinseng) refers to the human-shaped figure of the root, which is believed to suggest powerful properties. White ginseng refers to the unprocessed dried root, while red ginseng refers to the steamed root, which is red or caramel colored.

Uses and Benefits:

Ginseng has been used for thousands of years in Asian countries to boost energy, relieve stress, improve concentration, and enhance physical and cognitive performance. It is claimed to be a general restorative, tonic, or adaptogen, which restores the body’s balance, enhances stamina, and increases resistance to stress and disease. Among many other claims, ginseng is also recommended as an aphrodisiac, for cardiovascular diseases, to prevent or treat cancers, and to prolong life. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is used to restore the vital life force (qi or chi) in the body. Asian ginseng is considered more stimulating or heating (yang), while American ginseng is considered more calming or cooling (yin).

Pharmacology:

The triterpene saponins, commonly referred to as ginsenosides, are considered to be the main pharmacologic constituents of P. ginseng. At least 30 of these steroidal compounds have been described, based on their sugar side chains. The most abundant or important ginsenosides are Rg-1, Rg-2, Rb-1, Rb-2, Rc, Rd, and Rf. Like lipid-soluble steroid hormones,ginsenosides may insert into cell membranes and interact with membrane channels and proteins, or transverse the membrane to initiate genomic effects. In addition, polysaccharides, polyacetylenes, and other non-saponin constituents of P. ginseng have pharmacologic activity.

Hundreds of in vitro and animal studies, mostly from the Asian and Russian literature, have investigated the biochemical and pharmacologic activities of P. ginseng, and numerous properties have been described. For example, pharmacologic effects on the cardiovascular system (anti-ischemic, antiplatelet, vasodilatory), endocrine system (hypoglycemic, ACTH-stimulating), immune system (immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory), and nervous system (CNS-stimulating and inhibiting) have been reported. Cytoprotective, cognitive, and anticarcinogenic activities are also alleged. Cytoprotective effects include resistance against ischemia, toxins, oxidation, and radiation.

Clinical Trials:

Fifty-seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were found in a systematic review of the worldwide clinical litera

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Premenstrual syndrome is the most common gynecological complaint affecting up to 60% of women. Well-known symptoms of depression, anxiety, sweet craving, bloating, etc., are due to imbalances in hormones and brain neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine. PMS can be divided into four categories, but in most cases there is a dominance of estrogen in relation to progesterone, causing typical mood swings and water retention. This may be due to excess estrogen production or the liver’s inability to clear it from the system. Estrogen-like environmental toxins also play a major role, as do key nutrients. Low blood sugar and faulty liver function must be corrected, and a high-protein, high-fiber, low-sugar, non-dairy diet is essential. A diet rich in plant-based phytoestrogens is excellent, but soy should be avoided, as it has been shown to increase estrogen excessively.

The herbal approach uses botanic medicines that favorably influence the estrogen-progesterone ratio through a variety of mechanisms. The final result is the reestablishment of the body’s ability to produce a balanced and timely supply of hormones throughout the menstrual cycle. Liver strengthening herbs are also essential, and general tonics are extremely helpful for long-term cure.



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